CARBON DIOXIDE (solid), DRY ICE, E290, kg

Parameter	Attribute
Carbon dioxide	Dry ice, carbon dioxide solid, E290 according to EU No 231/2012
Formula	CO2
Structure
IUPAC	Carbon dioxide
INCI	CARBON DIOXIDE
CAS	124-38-9
Molar mass	44,009 g/mol
Density	1,562 g/cm3
Formula	In water 1,45 g/100 ml

Dry ice is a solid form of carbon dioxide. It is usually used for temporary refrigeration because CO₂ is not a liquid at normal atmospheric pressure and sublimates directly from a solid to a gas. It is primarily used as a refrigerant, but is also used in theatre fog machines to create dramatic effects. It has the advantages of a lower temperature than water ice and leaves no residue (apart from the occasional frost caused by atmospheric humidity). It is useful for the preservation of frozen foods (e.g. ice cream) where mechanical refrigeration is not available.

In the food industry, dry ice is used as a food additive E290, otherwise known as a protective gas. Carbon dioxide displaces oxygen but does not change the taste or quality of food. For this reason, it prevents or slows down the deterioration of food oils and fats. The use of solid-state carbon dioxide creates an environment that prevents the growth of micro-organisms (an airless environment), which prevents the growth of moulds and bacteria in the products, and also prevents insects and rodents from living in this environment. Dry ice freezing does not trap moisture (all water sublimates and evaporates) and preserves nutrients and extends the shelf life of the food. Dry ice is often used to freeze beverages, for example in restaurants, cafés or for decorating a festive table, where it creates a spectacular fog effect (about one and a half kilograms of dry ice is dropped into 15-20 litres of hot water and a very thick fog is seen for five to ten minutes). Dry ice is also used to rapidly cool or freeze foods such as chocolate, ice cream, frozen foods, meat, so that they do not change their texture. Solid carbon dioxide is also used to stop ice sculptures and ice walls from melting.

In the cleaning industry, dry ice is used to remove elastic adhesives from surfaces. The very low temperature of dry ice causes viscoelastic materials to enter the glass phase, making the elastic adhesive hard and sticky, and mechanical removal of the adhesive routine. Dry ice is used to clean surfaces contaminated with grease, paint, fat, varnish or resin, as the temperature difference makes the contaminants hard, sticky and easier to remove. Dry ice blasting can replace blasting, steam blasting, water blasting or solvent blasting. The main residue from dry ice blasting is sublimated CO₂, making it a useful method where residues from other blasting methods are not desirable.

In school experiments, the addition of dry ice to water accelerates sublimation and produces dense, low-flying, dense, smoke-like fog clouds. This is used in fog machines, theatres, haunted house attractions and nightclubs for dramatic effects. Unlike most artificial fog machines, where the fog rises up like smoke, dry ice fog is suspended near the ground. Dry ice is useful in theatre productions where thick fog effects are required. The source of the fog is not atmospheric water vapor (as is commonly thought) but water to which dry ice is added. The dry ice used in the "Dry Ice Bomb" experiment is dry ice in an airtight container such as a plastic bottle. Usually water is added to the container to accelerate the sublimation of the dry ice. As the dry ice sublimes, the pressure builds up, causing the bottle to explode, making a loud sound. The screw cap can be replaced by a rubber stopper to make a water rocket.

In metalworking, dry ice can be used to temporarily reduce the dimensions of metal parts when it is desired to fit them tightly into other parts. For example, a bearing can be mounted on an axle in this way, so that the bearing does not wear out by itself later. This technology can be used to assemble metal parts without welding. Removing and installing engine cylinder liners requires the use of dry ice to chill and compress the liner so that it slides freely into the engine block. As the liner warms up, it expands and the interference fit causes it to become firmly seated. Similar procedures can be used to manufacture mechanical assemblies with high ultimate strengths, replacing the need for pins, keys or welds

In medicine, dry ice is used to freeze and remove warts. However, liquid nitrogen has a better effect because it is colder and requires less time and pressure to work.

In plumbing, dry ice is used to cut off the flow of water in pipes so that repairs can be carried out without disconnecting the mains water supply. Solid CO₂ is applied to pipes and wrapped in a sheath. As the dry ice sublimates, the water inside freezes and clogs the pipe. After repairs, the casing is removed, the ice plug melts and the water flow resumes. This method can be used for pipes with a diameter of 100 mm. It is important not to overfreeze the pipe when using this method, as water ice in the pipe can damage the pipe itself as it expands.

In gardens and horticulture it can be used to control rodents. This is done by dropping pellets into rodent tunnels in the ground and then sealing the entrance to suffocate the animals as the dry ice sublimates and releases carbon dioxide.

In camping, dry ice can be used as bait to attract or lure mosquitoes, fleas and other insects, which are attracted to carbon dioxide.

In firefighting, dry ice is used for rapid extinguishment without damaging/wetting surrounding objects as it both cools the fuel and smothers the fire by removing oxygen. This technique is very relevant where water can cause undesirable reactions.

In cosmetics, dry ice can be used as a stabilizer and antioxidant to displace oxygen from the product. It can also be used as a gas source in aerosol and spray products. When dry ice is added to a package, it sublimes into a gas and thus pressurizes the container used to spray the cosmetic. Its main functions (INCI):

• Propellant: creates pressure in the aerosol container where the valve opens to expel the contents. Some liquefied propellants can act as solvents.

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*- The pictures of the goods may not correspond to the actual appearance, color, assembly or shape of the goods and their packaging. The information in the product description is of a general nature and may not correspond to the information on the packaging of the product and may not be the exact use of the product. The information given on the stocks and prices of goods may, in certain cases, differ from the actual prices and stocks of goods

**- Dry ice is made to order, so please plan your order in advance. Dry ice lasts up to 3 days after production, so please consider the shelf life before ordering. Only transport in a vehicle where the load compartment is separated from the driver. Keep dry ice out of the reach of children.