BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE (BAC) 50%, L

Parameter	Attribute
Benzalkonium chloride	alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, BZK, BKC, BAK, BAC, ADBAC, quaternary ammonium
Formula	C6H5CH2N(CH3)2RCl, R=C8H17 - C18H37
Structure
IUPAC	N-Alkil-N-benzil-N,N-dimethylamonium chloride
INCI	BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE
CAS	68391-01-5
Molar mass	~300 g/mol
Density	0.99 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Solubility	Unlimited solubility in water

Benzalkonium chloride, also known as alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC), is a type of cationic surfactant. It is an organic salt classified as a quaternary ammonium compound. BAC has three main categories of use: as a biocide, as a cationic surfactant and as a phase transfer agent.

In beekeeping, benzalkonium chloride is used to treat brood when it is attacked by blight. Brood rot (European or American foulbrood) is an infectious disease of initially uncovered and later covered brood. It is caused by Bacterium pluton, Bacillus alvei, Streptococcus apis. ADBAC acts as a broad-spectrum antiseptic by disrupting the nutrition of the foulbrood bacteria, thus preserving the bee colony.

In medicine, benzalkonium chloride is used extensively: concentrations ranging from 0.004% to 0.01% are used in eye drops. Higher concentrations are used in hand disinfection products, for odour removal (from legs, feet, armpits). Even higher concentrations are used for a wide range of microbial and viral disinfection.

In cosmetics, ADBAC is used as a disinfectant and at the same time as an emulsifier to increase the miscibility of grease with water. Benzalkonium chloride is often used as an additive in emulsions, which allows the production of clear emulsions, e.g. for diluting fragrance concentrates, mixing essential oils, or adding water-based extracts to fat-based products. BAC is also used as a foaming agent and conditioner because its cationic nature makes woolen tissues and hair soft, and is therefore found in shampoos, hair masks and conditioners.

In water treatment, BAC is used in ornamental swimming pools and rock gardens to prevent the formation and growth of algae. It can also be found in some aquarium and aquaculture products. Concentrations of 0,5-5 mg/l of active benzalkonium chloride are encountered in the treatment of bacterial fish diseases. ADBAC is also used as an algaecide in swimming pools to inhibit water mutilation and algal growth.

In the wood industry, benzalkonium chloride is used as an antiseptic or antiseptic impregnant to protect wood from rot or fungal decay. It is also used to kill rot in damaged wood. The advantage of using BAC is its transparency, i.e. the wood does not discolor, but this is also a disadvantage because when the wood is treated it is not visible where it has been treated.

In the paper industry, ADBAC is used in the preparation of paper to reduce biofouling and at the same time to give strength and anti-static properties to the paper produced.

In horticulture, benzalkonium chloride has a wide range of uses due to its effectiveness against moulds, mildews, mosses, fungi and algae, and is used for their eradication, both as a plant protection agent and as a disinfectant for various surfaces.

In the polymer and coatings industry, benzalkonium chloride is used as an antistatic agent, an emulsifier and a preservative, which helps to make surfaces more hydrophobic, and to make hydrophobic surfaces more easily and evenly coated with various coatings.

In animal husbandry, BAC is used in various veterinary preparations for the treatment of fungal diseases of hooves and horns, for the disinfection of animal housing, and for the treatment of certain skin diseases.

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