GLYCERIN 99,5% (E422, pharma grade), L

Parameter	Attribute
Glycerine	Glycerol, 1,2,3-propantriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane
Formula	C3H5(OH)3
Structure
IUPAC	Propan-1,2,3-triol
INCI	GLYCERIN
CAS	56-81-5
Molar mass	92,09382 g/mol
Density	1,261 g/cm3
Solubility	Miscible

Glycerol, also known as glycerol, is a colorless, odorless, viscous, sweet-tasting, non-toxic organic compound. It is a constituent of all lipids. It has a wide range of uses:

In the food industry, it is used as a moisture-retaining agent, solvent, sweetener. It is also used as a filler in the preparation of low-fat foods (biscuits, etc.) and as a thickener in liqueurs. As a food additive, it is designated with the E number E422. In the food industry, glycerol is used to lubricate moving parts of machinery. When used as a lubricant, it should not be used with ferrous metals as glycerol absorbs moisture well and thus promotes corrosion of ferrous metals.

In medicine and pharmacy. Used as a smoothing, lubricating and moisturising agent. Used in allergen immunotherapy, in various preparations such as cough syrups and expectorants. Used as a tablet forming and retaining agent.

In cosmetics, glycerine is used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, skin care products, shaving creams, hair care products, soaps, various ointments and hair gels. It is the main material used to make soaps for sensitive skin. Glycerine is used for its high moisturising, protective (to protect the skin from aggressions), emollient (to smooth the skin and hair) or humectant (to allow the product to maintain a fluid appearance) properties. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties when added to potentially irritating products such as sodium lauryl sulfate. INCI Key Functions:

• Denaturant: Makes cosmetics unpleasant. Mainly added to cosmetics containing ethyl alcohol
• Hair conditioner: Makes hair easy to comb, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
• Moisturising agent: retains the water content of the cosmetic product both in the packaging and on the skin
• Oral care/hygiene product: Provides cosmetic effects on the oral cavity (cleaning, deodorisation and protection)
• Skin conditioning: maintains good skin condition
• Skin protection: helps to prevent the skin from the damaging effects of external agents
• Solvent: dissolves other substances
• Viscosity control: increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics
• Perfume: Used for perfumes and aromatic raw materials

In plant extracts. When tinctures are produced by the extraction method, a 10% glycerol solution prevents the tannin from settling in the ethanol extracts from the plants. Used in the production of herbal extracts as an alcohol-free solvent alternative to ethanol. Alcohol-based extracts can have the alcohol removed and replaced with glycerol to maintain their properties for longer.

Electronic cigarette liquid. In the tobacco industry, glycerine is used to moisten waterpipe (hookah) tobacco and to give a more intense smoke sensation. This makes the smoke thicker, smokier and less rancid. With the invention of electronic cigarettes, glycerine has been used extensively as a base where flavourings, nicotine additives, etc. can be easily added. In other words, it is the liquid for e-cigarettes. An e-cigarette is, in principle, like a conventional inhaler in that the glycerine or mixture of glycerine inside is vaporised by a heating element. Various mixtures with glycerol can be found. From pure glycerine to 50/50 with propylene glycol. Sometimes a mixture of glycerine with 2% distilled water is found, which is milder than mixtures of glycerine with propylene glycol. Different mixtures are prepared to obtain the required viscosity for e-cigarettes. Depending on the type of heating element (coil or plate), different viscosities of the liquid are required. If the heating element is a plate then a thick base (pure glycerine) can be used, if the heating element is a spiral then a thinner liquid is needed to allow the liquid to flow and evaporate, hence the use of glycerine/propylene glycol mixtures or pure propylene glycol. The electronic cigarette device resembles a cigarette for smokers, the retracted and puffed smoke creates the illusion of smoking when it is actually glycerol vapor. Although many e-cigarette sellers claim that it is a healthier alternative to smoking and in fact a less harmful alternative, as smoking a conventional cigarette draws combustion products into the lungs with the vapour, smoking an e-cigarette draws only the vapor, so that there are no more tars, no more cancer causing combustion products etc. The use of glycerol as a base in e-cigarettes can cause side effects such as fluid accumulation in the lungs, as glycerol is a very good water attractant. But it is still not a health product, as smoking is not a characteristic of any other animal species.

Antifreeze. Like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, glycerol is a non-ionic cosmotrope that forms strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules. These bonds are stronger than the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. It is this property that prevents ice from forming. If the glycerol content of the water is 70%, the liquid has a freezing point of -38 °C. In the laboratory, glycerol is a common component of solvents for enzymatic reagents stored below 0 °C because it reduces the freezing point. It is also used as a protective agent against ice crystals in organisms (bacteria, nematoids, mammalian embryos) that are placed in frozen solutions.

As a raw material for the production of other chemicals. Glycerol is used for the production of nitroglycerin, which in turn is used for the production of various explosives such as dynamite. Nitroglycerin is often used to relieve the symptoms of angina, in the form of tablets or as an aerosol spray. Oxidation of glycerol produces mesoxalic acid.

Vibration damping. Glycerol is used as a filler in pressure gauges to reduce vibration. External vibrations, from compressors, motors, pumps, etc., cause harmonic vibrations in Bourdon pressure gauges, which can cause the pointer that displays the pressure reading to move excessively, resulting in inaccurate readings. Excessive movement of the pointer can also damage the internal elements or gears, leading to wear and tear.

Film industry. Here, glycerol is used when filming sequences involving water, to prevent the water from drying out too quickly in those locations. Glycerol is also used in combination with water (in a ratio of approximately 1:99) to create a smooth smoky environment. The solution is evaporated and fed into the room by a fan.

In ultrasonic examinations glycerol can be used as a substitute for water.

In scientific research. Research is underway to obtain useful products from glycerol obtained during biodiesel production:

• Hydrogen gas production;
• use of glycerol acetate as a potential fuel additive;
• conversion to propylene glycol;
• conversion to acrolein;
• conversion to ethanol;
• Conversion to epichlorohydrin, raw material for epoxy resins.

In metalworking, glycerine is used in the quenching process to reduce temperature gradients, to facilitate the incorporation of other components (boron, molybdenum, etc.), and to incorporate carbon, hydrogen and oxygen into the metal surface. Glycerol also ensures a more uniform wetting of the surface, thus making the hardening process more seamless.

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**- The product complies with the requirements for food additive E422 but is not intended for use as a food additive.