ACETONITRILE (MeCN), 99%, L

Parameter	Attribute
Acetonitrile	Cyanomethane, ethyl nitrile, methanecarbonitrile, methyl cyanide, MeCN, ACN
Formula	CH3CN
Structure
IUPAC	Ethanenitrile
INCI	-
CAS	75-05-8
Molar mass	41.053 g/mol
Density	0.786 g/cm3
Solubility	Miscible

Acetonitrile, often abbreviated as MeCN (methyl cyanide), is a chemical compound with the formula CH3CN and the structure H3C-C≡N. This colourless liquid is the simplest of the organic nitriles (hydrogen cyanide is a simpler nitrile, but the cyanide anion is not classified as an organic). It is mainly produced as a by-product of acrylonitrile production. It is used as a polar aprotic solvent in organic synthesis and for the purification of butadiene.

In the petroleum industry, acetonitrile is mainly used as a solvent for the purification of butadiene in refineries. Acetonitrile is fed into an upper distillation column filled with hydrocarbons, including butadiene, and as the acetonitrile passes down the column it absorbs the butadiene, which is sent from the bottom of the column to a second separating tower. Heat is then used to separate the butadiene in the separation tower. Acetonitrile is more similar in polarity to alcohol (ethanol), but has more free electron pairs, making it a good solvent and not miscible with non-polar compounds. It is used to separate C4 hydrocarbons and olefin-diolefin mixtures. Acetonitrile is completely miscible with water and can also mix well with carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, acetone, ether, ethanol and even ethylene chloride.

In laboratories, it is used as a moderate-polarity solvent that mixes with water and various organic solvents but not with saturated hydrocarbons. It is a convenient liquid and has a high dielectric permittivity of 38,8. Acetonitrile, with a dipole moment of 3,92 D, solubilises a wide range of ionic and non-polar compounds and is useful as a mobile phase in HPLC and LC-MS. Its ultraviolet transparency, low viscosity and low chemical reactivity make it a popular choice for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Acetonitrile plays an important role as the main solvent used in the synthesis of oligonucleotides from nucleoside phosphoramidites.

In the battery industry, it is widely used in batteries due to its relatively high dielectric permittivity and ability to dissolve electrolytes. For similar reasons it is a popular solvent in cyclic voltammetry. It is most commonly found as a component in lithium batteries.

In industry, ethyl nitrile is used as a solvent in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and photographic films. Acetonitrile is often used as a starting material for the synthesis of various chemicals, e.g. acetomidine, thiamine, alpha-naphthyl acetic acid, acetophenone etc. Cyano methane is used to extract fatty acids from vegetable oils and animals. It plays a very important role as a stabiliser in chlorinated solvents.

In materials purification, acetonitrile is used in refining and copper extraction because inorganic salts are well compatible with acetonitrile as a non-aqueous solvent. It is an excellent choice when dissolution of inorganic salts is required, in an anhydrous environment, both to extract purer materials and to protect them from corrosion. As a solvent, it is used in the wool resin cleaning process.

In the plastics industry, MeCN is used in the production of acrylic fibres, in the synthesis of nitrile rubber, and in the production of ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) resins. The solvent is used in mould making, moulding of plastic products, spinning fibres with acetonitrile.

In electrical industry, acetonitrile is used as a semiconductor cleaner. Acetonitrile is a highly polar organic solvent. It is highly soluble in fats, inorganic salt, organic matter and high molecular weight compounds. It can clean grease, wax, fingerprints, corrosive material and flux residues on silicon wafer. High purity acetonitrile can therefore be used as a cleaning agent for semiconductors.

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