MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (Bishofite), kg

Parameter	Attribute
Magnesium chloride	Magnesium chloride hexahydrate, bishofite
Formula	MgCl2
Structure
IUPAC	Magnesium dichloride
INCI	MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
CAS	7786-30-3
Molar mass	95,205 g/mol (anhydrous) 203,31 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Density	2,32 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 1,569 g/cm3 (hexahydrate)
Solubility	In water:	anhydrous 52,9 g/100 ml (0 °C) 54,3 g/100 ml (20 °C) 72,6 g/100 ml (100 °C)
		hexahydrate – 167 g/100 ml (20 °C)
	In ethanol:	7,4 g/100 ml (30 °C)

Magnesium chloride is a chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl₂-(H₂O)x. These salts are typical ionic halides, highly soluble in water. Hydrated magnesium chloride can be extracted from brine or sea water.

In horticulture, magnesium chloride can be used effectively as a substitute for magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt), helping to correct magnesium deficiency in plants. The recommended dose of magnesium chloride is lower than that of magnesium sulfate (20 g/l). It has been found that higher concentrations of magnesium in tomatoes and some peppers may increase susceptibility to diseases caused by Xanthomonas campestris, as magnesium is essential for bacterial growth.

In water treatment, magnesium chloride is used as a flocculant. It can also be used in aquaculture as one of the cheaper sources of magnesium for cultures. It is particularly suitable for the cultivation of marine cultures.

In cosmetics, magnesium chloride is used to regulate the viscosity/viscosity of cosmetics by increasing or decreasing the viscosity. Most commonly found in shampoos and conditioners. Found as a flavoring agent: Gives a cosmetic product its aroma. Although magnesium chloride itself has no odor, it helps to bring out the odors of other ingredients.

In aquariums, it is used by dissolving 400g of magnesium chloride in 1L of distilled water. The prepared solution is dosed 100ml into 100L of aquarium water. This increases the magnesium content by 100mg/L. It is important not to exceed 100mg/l per day.

In the food industry, magnesium chloride (E511) is an important coagulant used in the production of soya milk tofu. In Japan, it is sold as nigari, a white powder made from seawater when sodium chloride is removed and the water evaporated. In China it is called lushui. Nigari or lushui consists mainly of magnesium chloride, some magnesium sulphates and other trace elements. It is also an ingredient in infant formula milk.

In metalworking, magnesium chloride is used to extract elemental magnesium by electrolysis. It can also be used in the electroplating process. Magnesium chloride is also used as an excipient in Ziegler-Natta catalysts, which are used for the commercial production of polyolefins. The addition of magnesium chloride to these catalysts increases their activity.

In road maintenance, magnesium chloride helps to prevent ice formation, allowing snow ploughs to clear roads more efficiently. Magnesium chloride is used in three ways in de-icing:

1. de-icing, where maintenance crews apply magnesium chloride to roads before a snow storm to prevent snow from sticking and forming ice;
2. pre-application, where a liquid magnesium chloride formulation is sprayed directly onto the salt, which is then spread on the road surface, wetting the salt so that it sticks to the road;
3. pre-treatment of the composition before application, where magnesium chloride and salt are mixed before they are loaded into trucks and spread on asphalted roads.

Calcium chloride erodes concrete twice as fast as magnesium chloride.

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