N-PROPANOL (1-propanol), L

Parameter	Feature
N-propanol	1-propanol, propyl alcohol, propan-1-ol
Formula	C3H8O
Structure
IUPAC	Propane-1-ol
INCI	PROPYL ALCOHOL
CAS	71-23-8
Molar mass	60,1 g/mol
Density	0.803 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Solubility	Miscible with water, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ether, glycerine. Soluble in acetone.

N-propanol, also known as propyl alcohol. It is a colourless, flammable chemical compound with a strong, characteristic alcoholic odour, with the chemical formula C₃H₈ O. n-Propanol is a clear, low-viscosity, neutral liquid with an alcoholic odour. The product is miscible with all common solvents such as alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, glycols and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. n-Propanol is also miscible with water in any proportion. It tends to absorb less water than the lower alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol) and has a much milder, more pleasant aroma than the higher alcohols (butanol, pentanol etc.).

The solvent 1-propyl alcohol dissolves many non-polar compounds. It also evaporates quickly and leaves virtually no trace of grease compared to ethanol and is relatively non-toxic compared to alternative solvents. It is therefore widely used as a solvent and as a cleaning fluid, especially for fat dissolution. Examples of applications of the material include cleaning of electronic devices such as contact pins (e.g. in ROM cartridges), magnetic tape and disc heads (such as audio-video recorders and floppy disk drives), laser lenses (e.g. on CDs, DVDs) in optical disc devices, and the removal of thermal paste from heatsinks and IC packages (e.g. CPUs). N-propanol is a special solvent in flexographic printing inks, especially for printing on polyolefin and polyamide film.

In the cosmetic industry, n-propyl alcohol is used as an antiseptic in cosmetics: it is found, for example, in after-shave lotions, hand lotions, hand sanitisers, perfumes, etc. Propyl alcohol is often used because of its better emulsifying properties than its analogues (ethanol, isopropanol). 1-propanol is better at dissolving fatty raw materials, better at allowing the fragrance components to mix, but has a lower odour than 2-propanol. Main INCI functions:

• Antifoaming: eliminates foaming during production / reduces foaming in liquid finished products
• Solvent: dissolves other substances

Intermediate material for the production of other materials. N-propyl alcohol is esterified to produce n-propyl acetate, n-propylamines. 1-propanol can be used to obtain glycol ethers. N-propyl alcohol can be used as a raw material for the production of various flavour esters (flavourings). It is also used to produce propylene oxide, which is used in the production of polyurethane foams, resins and coatings.

In medicine. N-propanol is used as a direct hand disinfectant or in the manufacture of disinfectant wipes. Propanol is used as an inhalant instead of ethanol in inhalers. It is used in the manufacture of many medicines to add a propyl group. Propyl alcohol can be used as a local anaesthetic.

In the cleaning industry, N-propanol is used as a degreasing component which leaves no residue on the surface. Due to this property it can be found in window cleaners, polished metal surface cleaners and metal degreasers. Because of its properties, it is often found in carpet and furniture cleaners for cleaning stains left by pets.

In the automotive industry, propyl alcohol is one of the main additives for 'gas drying' fuels. When alcohol is used, the water in the fuel does not stratify and freeze, but is mixed in the fuel. 1-propanol has a high octane rating and is suitable for engine fuels. However, propanol is too expensive for use as an engine fuel. The scientific octane rating (RON) is 118 and the anti-knock index (AKI) is 108.

Food additive. N-propanol is used in ruminants' feed or in the preparation of their feed as an anti-moulding agent, since on oxidation n-propanol is converted to propionic acid, which is a very effective agent against yeasts and moulds.

In laboratories. Propan-1-ol can be a non-toxic alternative to formaldehyde and other synthetic preservatives for living tissues. For this purpose, 70% to 99% propyl solutions are used. N-propanol is also used as a de-icing fluid or extractant and as an accelerator for azeotropic distillation. N-propanol is a starting material for the production of insecticides, herbicides and pharmaceuticals. Reaction with acetic acid yields propyl acetate, with ammonia propylamine and with halogens the corresponding propyl halides.

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