POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SULFATE (POTASSIUM ALUM), kg

Parameter	Attribute
Potassium aluminium sulfate	Potassium alum, alum, potash alum, alum pebble, potash alum
Formula	KAl(SO4)2
Structure
IUPAC	Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate
INCI	POTASSIUM ALUM
CAS	7784-24-9
Molar mass	474.37g/mol
Density	1.725 g/cm3
Solubility	14.00 g/100 mL (20 °C) 36.80 g/100 mL (50 °C)

Potassium aluminium sulphate is also known as potassium alum or potash alum with the formula KAl(SO₄)₂. It is most commonly found in the hydrated form as the dodecahydrate KAl(SO₄)₂-12H₂O. This compound has a very wide range of uses and has been known since ancient times.

In cosmetics, potassium alum is used as one of the active ingredients in antiperspirants and deodorants because it inhibits the growth of odor-causing bacteria. These properties have been known worldwide since ancient times. Today, potassium alum can be found on the market as 'alum crystal', 'alum pebble', 'deodorizing crystal', sold as a natural deodorant. Potassium alum can also be used in depilatory waxes for hair removal or in post-depilatory products as a softening agent. It can also be used in hair styling products as an alternative to cosmetic ointment to keep the hair straight. INCI Function Astringent: helps to tighten the pores of the skin.

In water treatment potassium alum has been used since antiquity. Even today, alum is used as a flocculant (clarifier of turbid liquids) in both drinking water and industrial water treatment, sewage treatment, lake treatment to settle pollutants. The most common use of alum is around 30 to 40 ppm for domestic wastewater treatment, with higher concentrations used for industrial wastewater treatment. Potassium alum alters the surface charge of the solids, allowing them to aggregate into larger aggregates, forming sediments that can be filtered.

In dyeing, aluminium potassium sulfate is used for dyeing/darkening leather. It removes moisture from the skin and prevents it from drying/rotting. Unlike tannic acid, potassium alum does not fix in the skin and can therefore be washed out of the skin. Since antiquity, alum has been used as a dye fixative, forming strong bonds between pigments and tissues. It is also used in the manufacture of marble paper. Potassium aluminium sulfate is used as a base to produce lightning pigments.

In metalworking, alum is used to melt/anneal steels, but at the same time it does not damage either aluminium parts or alkali metals. The alum solution is used to melt steel tool tips that are stuck in moulds.

In fire-fighting applications, potassium alum is used as a flame retardant to impregnate clothing, wood, paper products, etc. to make them less flammable.

In the food industry, potassium alum can be used as an acidifying additive in baking powders for the second phase of dough rising at high temperatures. It also lightens bread, but its use for this purpose is restricted. Potassium aluminium sulfate is also known as 'alum powder' in the culinary arts and is commonly used in preserving recipes to preserve and make fruits and vegetables crispier.

In ceramics, potash alum is used to increase the viscosity of ceramic glaze slurries. It makes the glaze more adhesive to the ceramic and slows down the slurry transfer.

In medicine, potash alum is used as a wound closure and antiseptic. Wound pencils or sticks are composed of potassium alum and aluminium sulfate and are used to reduce the bleeding of small wounds (usually after shaving or scratching). They are also used to stop bleeding from the nose and reduce pain after insect stings and bites. It is also used to treat acne, acne and mouth sores, as it has a strong drying effect. Potassium aluminium sulfate is used to stop blood in the treatment of haemorrhagic cystitis. In some countries, alum is used to treat hyperhidrosis.

In toys, potassium alum is used as an ingredient in kneading clay (dough).

In photography, alum is used as a hardener in photographic emulsions and is commonly found as an ingredient in fixatives.

In school experiments, potassium aluminium sulfate is used as one of the most effective means of growing crystals. Alum crystals are colorless, non-toxic crystals which are easy to grow. The crystals produced are large and have distinct shapes and resemble diamonds. By adding pigments to the alum solution, crystals of different colors can be obtained.

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